Objective: Provide data and information via the OECD PINE database, on a range of policy instruments with relevance to the environment and natural resource management. This includes ocean- and marine-related policy instruments such as fishing fees and individual transferable quotas, entrance fees to protected areas, subsidies to promote biodiversity.
The OECD PINE database contains detailed information on over 3000 policy instruments classified in five categories: environmentally related taxes, fees and charges, tradable permits, deposit-refund systems, environmentally motivated subsidies and voluntary approaches. PINE instruments are tagged into 12 environmental domains: air pollution, biodiversity, climate change, energy efficiency, land contamination, land management, natural resources, noise, ozone layer, transport, waste management and water pollution. They are also complemented with classifications of industries (ISIC) and household expenditures (COICOP). PINE covers the 35 OECD member countries, with some information on selected non-OECD economies. In total, over 70 countries are covered in one way or another, with time series since 2005. Sub-national information is also included for some countries. PINE information is collected via a network of country experts, primarily in government agencies. The OECD Secretariat in consultation with countries validates the data before they are published online. The management of PINE is overseen by OECD Committees and Working Parties. PINE is suitable for statistical analysis; data are collected in a rigorous manner, comparable across countries and over time. PINE is freely accessible through the main database portal (oe.cd/pine). Selected components are disseminated via the OECD's statistical portal (stat.oecd.org) and thematic webpages (oe.cd/env-taxes).
Progress reports
By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels
By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics
December 2020
