By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

• Community or Locally Managed Marine Areas
• Ecosystem-based Adaptation

Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels

• Scientific research and cooperation to address ocean acidification knowledge gaps

By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics

• Compliance, monitoring and enforcement
• Reduction and elimination fishing practices and gear that destroy/degrade marine habitat
• Science-based fisheries management plans
• Ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF)
• Reduction of fisheries by-catch and product waste/losses

By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information

• Locally or community managed marine areas
• MPA management and/or enforcement

By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation

• Removal or reduction of harmful fisheries subsidies

Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets

• Legal/policy/institutional measures
• Access to market-based instruments
• Access to coastal fishing grounds
• Community empowerment for fisheries management

Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want