SUBMISSION THEME:
NEW SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES (IN SITU MEASUREMENT AND VALIDATION) WITH THE ARGOS SYSTEM IN RELATION TO NEW GENERATION SATELLITES.
Argos System History

(http://www.argos-system.org/fr/argos/comment-fonctionne-argos/)

The Argos system was created by:
-CNES, the French space agency (France)
-NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA)
-NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA)

Today, the Argos system is operated, maintained and marketed by the CLS group, a subsidiary of CNES.
International Space Agencies
At present, several other international space agencies are also actively involved in the Argos system, including EUMETSAT (European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites), NASDA (National Space Development Agency of Japan) and ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization)
Argos is the only global satellite tracking and data collection system dedicated to studying and protecting the planet's environment.
-22000 ACTIVE TAGS EVERY MONTH
-100 COUNTRIES USERS IN THE WORLD AND 8000 ANIMALS FOLLOWED AND LOCATED


Heat balance of the planet Earth since 1950 (Murphy 2009). Data for the ocean come from Domingues et al 2008. "Land + Atmosphere" (Earth + Atmosphere) includes heat used to melt ice.

Spatial observation in addition to "in situ" measures
Floats "Argo"

http://argonautica.jason.oceanobs.com/html/argonautica/tutorial/is_argo_uk.html


Ocean: observations made from space
Main parameters measured:
- Surface temperature of the sea : passive microwaves
- Surface winds : active microwaves (radar / scatterometers)
- Surface salinity : radiometry
- Current Ocean Surface Topography, Sea Level Variations : Spatial Altimetry
- Height and wave spectrum : spatial altimetry, radar imagery
- Water color (phytoplankton > marine ecosystems): multispectral imagery
- Mediate surface of the sea (geoide) : altimetry, spatial gravimetry
http://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/78000/78250/salinity_aqu_201109-201205.h264.mov
http://aquarius.nasa.gov/overview-mission.html
Ocean surface salinity is related to the water cycle (evaporation and precipitation)
The principle of altimetry: CNES

http://ocean.cls.fr/html/cash/presentation/altimetry_fr.

SATELLITE D'ALTITUDE >>>> = ALTITUDESATELLIT TOPOGRAPHIE DYNAMIQUE >>>> = DYNAMIC TOPOGRAPHY
NONOSPHERE >>>> = NONOSPHERE
ALTIMETRIQUE DISTANCE >>>> = ALTIMETRIC DISTANCE
NIVEAU DE LA MER >>>> = SEA LEVEL
LASER STATION >>>> = LASER STATION
ELIPSOIDE DE REFERENCE >>>> = ELIPSOIDE REFERENCE
GEOIDE >>>> = GEOIDE

CONCLUSIONS:

ARGOS TRANSMITTING BEACONS
OVERVIEW RECEPTION STATION

TREATMENT CENTER USERS Argos

The localization system: how does it work?
The beacons send a signal at regular intervals to the satellites.
Satellites collect data (signal = GPS position + pre-coded messages + technical monitoring). The satellites flying over the area,
Retransmit in real time to Direct Reception stations.
The receiving stations relay the signal between the satellites and the processing centers. For Argos, more than 50 terrestrial receiving antennas are implanted on the Globe. .
Data centers collect all data, process it and distribute it to users.
CLS has two redundant data centers: the first at CLS
At the headquarters of the company in Toulouse and the second in the USA near Washington ensuring a continuous operation whatever happens.
Once the data reaches the processing center, the locations are automatically calculated and made available to the users.